These can be of various types, depending upon operational nature and condition.

• Single Acting Cylinders : Where oil pressure is directed to one side of the piston for extension. Retraction by spring or by load itself on releasing pressure.
• Double Acting Cylinders : Where oil pressure is directed either side for extension or retraction.
• Multi Stage Cylinders : Hydraulic cylinders can be of Single Stage or Multi Stages depending upon the space available for fitment and limiting the close centre length of the cylinder. Cylinders can be of single ended or double ended.
• Cylinder Mountings : Hydraulic cylinder can be mounted in various ways depending upon job requirement e.g. Top Flange Mounting, Bottom Flange Mounting, Trunnion Mounting, lug Mounting, Swivel Mounting, Foot Mounting, etc.

A typical Hydraulic Cylinder consists of the following Part :

• Barrel : Manufactured out of seamless steel Tubes available at various international Standard Bore Diameter and grade of steel. It is Honned to a specified micro inch finish, mostly recommended by the Seal Manufacturers.
• Base : Base is usedin one end of the barrel and fixed either by welding, Bolts, Tie rods, except double ended cylinders.
• Piston : It is fitted inside the barrel and fixed with Piton Rod by nut at the threaded end of the rod. The piton is grooved radially to accommodate seals and Bearing Rings.
• Seals : Seals are used to prevent leakage in pressure zone. Mainly seals are made of various materials depending upon the working conditions i,e, working pressure, temperature and speed. Seals are made of Metal, Nitrile Rubber,Viton, PTFE, etc.
• Bearing Ring : Bearing Rings are used on both sides of Seals for smooth movement of the piston. Normally made of backelite, bronze and Phosphor Bronze.
• Piston Rod : One end of the rod is connected with Piston, inside the barrel. And other end is passing through Gland and is connected with the job/ machine. It is made of Cold Rolled graded Steel, Ground and Hard Crome plated.
• Gland : This is fitted on the head end of the cylinder either by thread or Tie rod. One seal is fitted on the outer dia of the gland to prevent leakage between gland and barrel. Space at the centre of the gland is provided to allow piston rod. Inner dia is grooved to accommodate Seal and Bearing to prevent leakage between gland and Piston rod.

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